Within the vaping category there are two different options to consider based on your individual journey. Among these options, the choice between freebase nicotine and nicotine salts. This blog will compare freebase nicotine and nicotine salts, focusing on their usage in direct-to-lung (DTL) and mouth-to-lung (MTL) vaping, respectively, and their relevance within the Australian context.

Nicotine Salts: Mouth-to-Lung Vaping
Overview: Nicotine salts are a newer form of nicotine that occurs naturally in tobacco leaves. By combining nicotine with benzoic acid, nicotine salts create a more stable and less harsh form of nicotine. This makes them ideal for mouth-to-lung (MTL) vaping, which mimics the draw of a traditional cigarette, where vapour is first drawn into the mouth and then inhaled into the lungs. This form is commonly used in closed pod vaping products and recommended for people new to this therapy.

Pros:
- Smoother Throat Hit: Nicotine salts offer a smoother throat hit even at higher nicotine concentrations, making them more comfortable for users.
- Faster Nicotine Absorption: The presence of benzoic acid helps nicotine salts absorb into the bloodstream more quickly, reducing cravings faster. Read more about the role pharmacokinetics play here
- Lower E-Liquid Consumption: MTL devices typically use less e-liquid than DTL devices, making them more economical.
- Cigarette-Like Experience: Provides a more familiar experience for those transitioning from smoking.

Cons:
- Less Vapour Production: MTL devices produce smaller vapor clouds, which may not satisfy cravings for some users.
- Limited Device Options: While there are many devices designed for MTL vaping, they generally offer less customization compared to DTL devices.
- Flavour Intensity: The lower wattage used in MTL vaping can result in less intense flavours compared to DTL vaping.
- Australian Context: As with all nicotine vaping products, obtaining nicotine salt e-liquids and flavours requires a prescription. Nicotine salts are a good option for people quitting smoking as they provide a more cigarette-like experience and quicker nicotine absorption.

Freebase Nicotine: Direct-to-Lung Vaping
Overview: Unlike nicotine salts that are protonated with an acid to form a salt, freebase nicotine uses nicotine in isolation. It has been chemically altered to increase its potency and is the form of nicotine most commonly found in traditional cigarettes. Freebase nicotine is typically used in direct-to-lung (DTL) vaping, which involves inhaling vapour directly into the lungs, similar to breathing.

Pros:
- Higher Vapour Production: DTL devices produce larger clouds of vapour, which can better satisfy cravings for some users.
Intense Flavour: The high wattage used in DTL vaping can enhance the flavour of the e-liquid.
- Variety of Devices: There are many advanced devices designed for DTL vaping, offering extensive customization options. Note: devices are also regulated by the TGA and patients should seek devices notified on the TGA list.

Cons:
- Throat Hit: Freebase nicotine at high concentrations can produce a harsh throat hit, which some users may find uncomfortable.
- Higher E-Liquid Consumption: DTL vaping uses more e-liquid due to the higher power output and larger vapour production.
- Less Discreet: The large clouds of vapour can be less discreet and more noticeable in public settings.

Australian Context: As with all nicotine vaping products, obtaining freebase nicotine e-liquids and flavours requires a prescription. Freebase nicotine is suggested for users who are more experienced and managing an ongoing nicotine dependency.

Comparing Nicotine Salts and Freebase Nicotine

Nicotine Concentration and Delivery:
Nicotine Salts: Used in higher concentrations with a smoother delivery, ideal for MTL vaping that mimics the draw of a cigarette and offers a quicker nicotine absorption.
Freebase Nicotine: Often used in lower concentrations due to its harshness at high levels. Suitable for DTL vaping which produces larger clouds and delivers nicotine through larger lung absorption.

Device Compatibility:
Nicotine Salts: Compatible with low-wattage, high-resistance devices, which are simpler and more discreet. Typically pod based devices
Freebase Nicotine: Best suited for sub-ohm devices that operate at higher wattages, offering extensive customization. Typically open tank devices

User Experience:
Nicotine Salts: Preferred by those transitioning from smoking or those who seek a smoother, more discreet experience whilst managing their nicotine dependence.
Freebase Nicotine: Experienced users who are managing a longer-term nicotine dependence.

Conclusion
Choosing between nicotine salts and freebase nicotine depends on your individual journey and consultation with a healthcare professional. It is important to note that Nicotine Vaping Products are a second line treatment, and you must try first line therapies first. No Nicotine Vaping Products have been approved by the TGA. Nicotine salts provide a smoother, more cigarette-like experience suited to MTL vaping, while freebase nicotine offers a powerful, customizable experience for DTL vaping. In Australia, the regulatory landscape requires you to have a prescription for nicotine e-liquids and flavours, ensuring controlled access and usage.

For more detailed information on vaping and nicotine prescribing in Australia, the RACGP provides a comprehensive resource, which you can access here.